Welcome to Salamanca, a city renowned for its abundance of avian life! From soaring eagles to tiny hummingbirds, the skies of Salamanca are alive with the sights and sounds of birds. Whether you’re an experienced birder or a beginner, there’s something for everyone to enjoy.
You’ll find various species here, from the beautiful and rare to the more common visitors. From soaring eagles to tiny hummingbirds, you’ll be amazed at the incredible diversity of birds in and around Salamanca.
So come explore Salamanca’s wonderful world of birds – you won’t be disappointed.
18 Birds to Watch in Salamanca
Salamanca is a city in Spain with a rich history and culture and a great diversity of birds. Whether a beginner or an expert birdwatcher, you will find many species to admire and enjoy in this beautiful place.
Here are 18 birds that you should not miss when you visit Salamanca.
1. Ferruginous Duck
The ferruginous duck is a diving duck species found in the Eurosiberian region. It has many names, such as ferruginous pochard, common white-eye, or white-eyed pochard. It is a medium-sized duck, with its scientific name derived from Greek.
Aithuia is an unidentified seabird mentioned by famous authors such as Hesychius and Aristotle, while nyrok is the Russian name for a duck. This duck species has rust-colored plumage and is an integral part of the ecosystem of the Eurosiberian region.
It feeds on aquatic vegetation and insects, an important food source for many animals. The ferruginous duck is a beautiful and beneficial species to its environment.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Anseriformes |
| Family | Anatidae |
| Genus | Aythya |
| Species | A. nyroca |
2. White-headed Duck
The white-headed duck is a small diving duck measuring around 45 cm long. The male has a distinctive white head with a black crown, a blue bill, and reddish-grey plumage.
The female has a dark bill and a duller coloration than the male. The white-headed duck’s preferred breeding habitat is lakes with open water and dense vegetation at the edge. This thick vegetation provides them with protection from predators and a place to nest.
It also provides them a food source since they feed mainly on aquatic plants and small invertebrates in these areas.
This environment allows them to hide from predators and provides plenty of food sources that help them thrive.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Anseriformes |
| Family | Anatidae |
| Genus | Oxyura |
| Species | O. leucocephala |
3. Common Pochard
The common pochard is a species of diving duck found throughout much of Europe and Asia. Its scientific name is derived from two words: Aithuia and ferina.
The first word, Aithuia, originates from Greek and refers to an unidentified seabird mentioned by ancient authors such as Hesychius and Aristotle. The second word, ferina, is derived from Latin and translates to mean “wild game” or “wild.”
These two words indicate that the common pochard is a wild duck species. The common pochard has a wide range, inhabiting many European and Asian areas. They frequent large bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, and wetlands.
They are adapted to diving for food and have a unique set of feathers that keep them warm and dry when they dive. The common pochard is a medium-sized duck, typically measuring 18-22 inches long.
They are usually brown or black, with a white patch on their wings. The common pochard is an integral part of the aquatic ecosystem, as it feeds on aquatic insects, mollusks, crustaceans, and other aquatic organisms.
They are also popular game birds, with hunters often targeting them during waterfowl hunting seasons. The common pochard is listed as the most minor concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, as its population remains relatively stable.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Anseriformes |
| Family | Anatidae |
| Genus | Aythya |
| Species | A. ferina |
4. Great Spotted Cuckoo
The great spotted cuckoo is a species of bird from the order Cuculiformes, comprised of many other birds, such as roadrunners, anis, and coucals. It is found in many areas across Africa and the Mediterranean Basin.
This type of cuckoo is a brood parasite, meaning it lays eggs in the nests of other birds, usually corvids like the Eurasian magpie. This behavior allows the cuckoo to avoid the work of raising its own young while still ensuring that its eggs are well taken care of.
The host birds, unaware that the eggs do not belong to them, take care of the cuckoo eggs as if they were their own. This way, the great spotted cuckoo can reproduce without expending much energy.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Cuculiformes |
| Family | Cuculidae |
| Genus | Clamator |
| Species | C. glandarius |
5. Common Scoter
The common scoter is a species of sea duck found in the far north of Europe and eastward into the greater Palearctic region, extending to the Olenyok River. Its name is derived from Ancient Greek, with melas meaning “black” and Netta meaning “duck.”
The species name comes from the Latin niger, which translates to “shining black.” The common scoter is typically 43–54 cm long and is characterized by its dark black coloring. It is a widespread bird species often seen near bodies of water, such as lakes and rivers.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Anseriformes |
| Family | Anatidae |
| Genus | Melanitta |
| Species | M. nigra |
6. Common Shelduck
The common shelduck is a waterfowl species belonging to the genus Tadorna. It is widely distributed in the Euro-Siberian region of the Palearctic, which includes Europe and parts of Asia.
The common shelduck typically breeds in temperate regions throughout the year and usually winters in subtropical areas. In the winter months, it can also be found in the Maghreb region, which encompasses parts of North Africa.
This bird is expected in its range, and population numbers are stable. The common shelduck is a large waterfowl with a distinctive plumage, mainly white, with black and chestnut markings.
It is a highly gregarious species and often forms large flocks, making it a famous bird to observe in the wild.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Anseriformes |
| Family | Anatidae |
| Genus | Tadorna |
| Species | T. tadorna |
7. Brant
The brant or Brent goose is a species of small goose belonging to the genus Branta. Three different subspecies of this species inhabit the temperate coastal regions during the winter season and breed on the high-Arctic tundra during the summer.
The Brent oilfield in the North Sea was believed to be named after this species due to its presence in the area. The brant or Brent goose is a species of great ecological importance, as it helps maintain the ecosystem balance in the area.
It is also a popular food source, rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals. As a result, it is a species highly appreciated by those who enjoy nature and its beauty.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Anseriformes |
| Family | Anatidae |
| Genus | Branta |
| Species | B. bernicla |
8. Red-crested Pochard
The red-crested pochard is a duck species native to parts of Africa, Europe, and Asia. It is a large diving duck with a total body length of around 60–75 centimeters. The male has a distinctive red crest on its head, while the female is a duller brown.
The scientific name of the red-crested pochard is derived from two parts. The first part, “Netta,” comes from the Greek language and refers to the fact that it is a duck.
The second part, “Rufina,” comes from Latin and means “golden-red,” referring to the color of the male’s crest. This name reflects the unique physical characteristics of the species.
The red-crested pochard is an adaptable bird found in various habitats, from wetlands to grasslands and even open water with sparse vegetation. They feed mainly on aquatic insects, plant material, and other small creatures.
They form large flocks to breed in shallow waters during the breeding season. The male performs a courtship ritual in which he swims and dives around the female before copulation takes place.
The red-crested pochard is a species of conservation concern due to a decline in its population size. Several significant threats to the species include hunting, habitat degradation, and changes in water levels.
Conservation efforts are being made to protect the species and its habitat and to ensure its long-term survival.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Anseriformes |
| Family | Anatidae |
| Genus | Netta |
| Species | N. rufina |
9. Graylag Goose
The Greylag Goose is an iconic species of waterfowl found in the Anatidae family. Due to its distinct physical appearance, it has become the type species of the genus Anser.
The plumage of the Greylag Goose is primarily a unique mix of mottled grey and white, with the wings and back showing more grey while the underparts are more white. Its beak is a striking orange, with its legs being a light pink-orange hue.
These features make the Greylag Goose one of the more easily identifiable species of waterfowl, particularly in the northern hemisphere. The Greylag Goose is an impressive bird, reaching around 24-26 inches long, with wingspans up to 40-46 inches.
They also have an average body weight of 7-11 pounds, making them one of the larger species of geese. The Greylag Goose has a wide range in Europe, parts of Asia, and North America. They can be found in open grasslands, meadows, and even wetlands.
These geese are also quite adaptable and can be seen in rural and urban areas. The Greylag Goose typically feeds on grasses, grains, and aquatic vegetation, though they will also consume insects and small invertebrates when available.
They sometimes feed on human-provided food, such as corn and other grains. The Greylag Goose is an important species for many reasons. They greatly benefit wetland ecosystems, as they help spread nutrients and aerate soils through their foraging activities.
They also provide an essential food source for predators like foxes and raptors. Finally, they are important in many people’s cultural and spiritual lives, particularly in Europe.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Anseriformes |
| Family | Anatidae |
| Genus | Anser |
| Species | A. anser |
10. Garganey
The garganey is a small-sized species of dabbling duck found in much of Europe and the Palearctic region.
It is a migratory bird, with the entire population of this species migrating toward the warmer climates of South Africa, India, Bangladesh, and Australasia for the winter season.
During this time, large flocks of garganeys seeking refuge from the cold northern hemisphere can be seen in these regions.
The garganey is a highly adaptable species found in various wetland habitats, ranging from marshes and lakes to ponds and riverbanks.
During the winter, the garganey is a highly sociable species, often gathering in large flocks to feed and migrate in unison. This allows the species to take advantage of the available resources and better protect themselves against predators.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Anseriformes |
| Family | Anatidae |
| Genus | Spatula |
| Species | S. querquedula |
11. Booted Eagle
The booted eagle is a bird of prey belonging to the family Accipitridae, including all eagles. As its name suggests, it is characterized by having feathered legs. It is a medium-sized bird, typically weighing 16 to 22 inches and weighing 4 to 7 lbs.
The booted eagle has a wide distribution in the Palearctic and southern Asia and migrates south during winter to the tropics of Africa and Asia. There is also a tiny, disjunct breeding population of booted eagles in southwestern Africa.
It has a broad wingspan and is typically active during the day when it hunts for food. Its diet consists mainly of small mammals, birds, and reptiles, which it catches in mid-flight.
The booted eagle is an essential predator at the top of the food chain and helps maintain its environment’s balance.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Accipitriformes |
| Family | Accipitridae |
| Genus | Hieraaetus |
| Species | H. pennatus |
12. Eurasian Griffon
The Eurasian griffon vulture is a large bird of prey from the Old World, which belongs to the Accipitridae family. It is also known as the Griffon vulture and can be used to refer to the entire genus.
However, it is essential to note that this bird should not be confused with the Rüppell’s griffon vulture or the Himalayan griffon vulture. The Eurasian griffon vulture is a large bird with an impressive wingspan reaching up to nine feet.
Its feathers are primarily brown or black, with a white head and neck.
This species is found across Europe and Asia and usually in open habitats such as grasslands, steppes, and woodlands. Regarding diet, the Eurasian griffon vulture is a scavenger, feeding mainly on carrion.
It is an essential species for helping to clean up the environment, as it feeds on dead animals.
It is also a social bird, often found in large groups, and has a strong bond with its family members. The Eurasian griffon vulture is a fascinating species and an essential environmental member.
However, it is essential to note that it differs from the Rüppell’s griffon vulture and Himalayan vulture and should not be confused with either species.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Accipitriformes |
| Family | Accipitridae |
| Genus | Gyps |
| Species | G. fulvus |
13. Northern Lapwing
The northern lapwing is a species of bird that is part of the family of lapwings. It is commonly found throughout temperate regions of Europe and Siberia and is known by several names.
The most common name is lapwing, but it is also known as peewit or pewit, tuit or tewit, green plover, pyewipe, or any combination of these names. This species of bird is known for its large size and distinctive call.
It has a long, pointed beak, and its wings are black with white markings. The feathers on the upper body are brown or gray, and the underparts are white or yellowish. The northern lapwing is a ground-dwelling bird typically living in open grasslands or agricultural fields.
Its diet consists of insects, earthworms, and seeds, and it is known to take advantage of food resources available during the breeding season. It is also known to flock together in large groups during migration.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Charadriiformes |
| Family | Charadriidae |
| Genus | Vanellus |
| Species | V. vanellus |
14. Eurasian Curlew
The Eurasian curlew, also known as the common curlew, is a species of large wading bird found in temperate regions of Europe and Asia. It belongs to the family of Scolopacidae, a group of shorebirds.
It is one of the most widespread curlews, with its breeding grounds stretching from Europe to Asia.
In Europe, this species is often called the “curlew,” while in Scotland, it is called the “whaup” in Scots. The Eurasian curlew is a large bird with a wingspan of up to 72 inches. Its plumage is a mottled brown and white, with a distinctive long, down-curved bill.
It has powerful legs, which it uses to search for prey on the ground.
Its diet includes insects, worms, other invertebrates, small mammals, and amphibians. The Eurasian curlew is a migratory species, with its breeding grounds in the temperate regions of Europe and Asia.
During the winter, it migrates south to warmer climates, where it can find more food and protection from the cold.
It is an essential species in the ecosystems of its breeding and wintering grounds, providing food for other animals and contributing to the environment’s health.
The Eurasian curlew is considered a species of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to its wide range and stable population.
However, its population is declining in some areas due to habitat degradation and hunting. Conservation efforts are needed to help protect this species and its habitat.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Charadriiformes |
| Family | Scolopacidae |
| Genus | Numenius |
| Species | N. arquata |
15. Ruddy Turnstone
The ruddy turnstone is a small migratory bird belonging to the family Scolopacidae, which is part of the order Charadriiformes. It is classified in the genus Arenaria and is one of two species of turnstone.
This bird species is found worldwide and lives in various habitats, including coastal mudflats, rocky shores, beaches, and inland wetlands. The ruddy turnstone is a wading bird that spends much of its time searching for food in the shallow waters of these habitats.
It feeds on invertebrates, such as insects, crustaceans, and mollusks, which it finds by turning over stones and other objects with its strong beak. The ruddy turnstone is also known for its distinctive rufous-colored plumage, often streaked with black and white.
Historically, the ruddy turnstone was classified in the family Charadriidae, which includes plovers and lapwings. However, recent research has revealed that it is more closely related to the sandpipers and is now considered a member of the Scolopacidae family.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Charadriiformes |
| Family | Scolopacidae |
| Genus | Arenaria |
| Species | A. interpres |
16. White-rumped Sandpiper
The white-rumped sandpiper is a small shorebird recognized by its white rump feathers. It is native to the northern tundra regions of Canada and Alaska. It can be challenging to identify due to its small size and similarity to other shorebirds.
These birds, collectively referred to as “peeps” or “stints,” are rarely seen because of their small size and their preference for remote and remote areas.
The white-rumped sandpiper is a migratory bird, meaning that it spends the winter in the southern hemisphere and then returns to its breeding grounds in the northern tundra in the summer.
During the winter, these birds can be found in various habitats, from coastal areas to inland wetlands.
In the summer, they breed in wet tundra areas like marshlands, ponds, and shallow lakes. The white-rumped sandpiper is a solitary bird that typically does not live in large groups.
This species is monogamous, and the pairs build nests in small depressions in the ground.
The female lays three to four eggs in the nest, and both parents share in nest building and feeding duties. The white-rumped sandpiper is a ground feeder whose diet consists mainly of insects, crustaceans, mollusks, and seeds.
These birds can often be seen foraging in small groups, picking up food from the shoreline and mudflats. The white-rumped sandpiper is a relatively small and nondescript bird not often seen in its northern breeding grounds.
Its small size is an advantage, as it helps it to remain inconspicuous and blend into its environment. Despite its small size and rarity, the white-rumped sandpiper is an important species to the tundra ecosystems of Canada and Alaska.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Charadriiformes |
| Family | Scolopacidae |
| Genus | Calidris |
| Species | C. fuscicollis |
17. Falcated Duck
The falcated duck, also known as the falcated teal, is a dabbling duck native to the east Palearctic. It is similar in size to gadwall, another dabbling duck. The falcated duck has a unique hook-shaped tail, which is why it is named.
It has a grayish-brown head and neck, a white eye-ring, and a black beak. The body is predominantly brownish-gray, with a white patch on the lower breast. Its wings are gray and have a white line along the edge.
The falcated duck is a migratory species, breeding in eastern China and wintering in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. It prefers wetlands, shallow lakes, and marshes, where it feeds on aquatic plants, seeds, and insects.
It is usually found in small groups or pairs but can occasionally be seen in larger flocks. The falcated duck is threatened by habitat destruction, pollution, and hunting.
Conservation efforts are needed to protect this species’ populations and ensure its survival.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Anseriformes |
| Family | Anatidae |
| Genus | Mareca |
| Species | M. falcata |
18. Black-tailed Godwit
The black-tailed godwit is a species of shorebird that is part of the Limosa genus. It was first scientifically described in 1758 by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus. This species is renowned for its size, long legs, and notably long bill.
It is an engaging species to observe due to its unique features. The black-tailed godwit is a migratory species, breeding in northern Europe and Asia and wintering in south and southeast Asia.
The species has been recorded in many countries, including the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, and China.
It is an adaptable species, capable of surviving in different locations and habitats. The black-tailed godwit is an integral part of the ecosystem, serving as a food source for predators and other animals.
Consuming them also helps maintain healthy populations of fish, insects, and other aquatic species.
The species is also essential in dispersing seeds and nutrients across the environment. The black-tailed godwit is under threat due to habitat loss, pollution, and other human activities. It is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.
Conservation efforts are in place to protect this species, including the establishment of protected areas, the reduction of pollution, and the promotion of sustainable development.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Charadriiformes |
| Family | Scolopacidae |
| Genus | Limosa |
| Species | L. limosa |
Conclusion
Salamanca is a great place to observe birds, with species ranging from the common to the rare. It is home to various habitats and provides an excellent opportunity to observe different bird species.
Bird watching in Salamanca is a great way to enjoy nature and appreciate the beauty of the region’s avian population.