The island of Madeira is home to a variety of beautiful birds. From rare seabirds to colorful parrots, the island’s diverse environment is a paradise for birdwatchers. With its warm climate and lush vegetation, Madeira is a great place to observe a variety of bird species.
With its tropical climate, the island is home to a wide variety of species, including migratory species and endangered species.
Birdwatchers can also observe the nesting sites of some of the most endangered species, such as the Cory’s Shearwater, the Madeiran Storm-petrel, and the Zino’s Petrel.
Bird watching is a popular activity on the island, thanks to the wide variety of species and the stunning landscapes. From the cliffs of Funchal to the forests of the interior, birdwatchers from all around the world come to explore the beauty of Madeira’s avian population.
1. Zino’s Petrel
Source: ebird.org
Zino’s petrel, also known as the freira, is a species of small seabird that is endemic to the island of Madeira. It belongs to the gadfly petrel genus and has a unique appearance that makes it stand out from other birds.
Its wings are long and have a grey back and wings, with a dark “W” marking that can be seen across them. Its upper tail is also grey in color. This species of seabird is found only on Madeira, due to its preference for the temperate climate of the island.
It is known for its long-distance migrations, which can take it hundreds of miles away from its home. It is also known to form large flocks when flying, which can be seen from far away.
The Zino’s petrel has adapted to the local environment, making it an important part of the island’s ecosystem.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Procellariiformes |
| Family | Procellariidae |
| Genus | Pterodroma |
| Species | P. madeira |
2. Trocaz Pigeon
The trocaz pigeon, also known as the Madeira laurel pigeon or long-toed pigeon, is an endemic species located only on the island of Madeira, Portugal. It is characterized by its mostly grey body and pinkish breast.
Its distinct silvery neck patch and lack of white wing markings distinguish it from its close relative and likely ancestor, the common wood pigeon. The trocaz pigeon has a slender body, with a short tail and small wings. Its legs have longer toes than the common wood pigeon.
Its head is grey with a white line above its eye and a small crest of feathers on the back of its head. Its wings are rounded with a light grey and pink band, while its breast is pinkish grey.
The trocaz pigeon’s most striking feature is its silver neck patch, which is unique to this species. The trocaz pigeon is a shy bird, mainly found in the laurel forests of Madeira.
It feeds mainly on berries and seeds and is an important seed dispersal agent in laurel forests. This species is considered vulnerable due to its restricted range and habitat fragmentation and is actively being monitored and studied by conservationists.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Columbiformes |
| Family | Columbidae |
| Genus | Columba |
| Species | C. trocaz |
3. Atlantic Canary
The Atlantic canary is a species of bird belonging to the family of finches, Fringillidae. It is also referred to as the wild canary, island canary, common canary, or simply canary due to its widespread recognition.
The Atlantic canary is a small passerine bird, meaning it has short wings and legs and is best adapted for perching. The species is native to the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Madeira, all of which are islands in the Atlantic Ocean.
Its habitat ranges from subtropical climates to tropical climates, which makes it a resilient species. The Atlantic canary is primarily a seed eater, but it is also known to feed on insects, fruits, and nectar.
The bird is predominantly yellow in color, with a few variations of orange. Its song is widely known among birdwatchers and birders, as it is a loud and cheerful trill. The Atlantic canary is a highly sought-after species due to its bright colors and melodious song.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Passeriformes |
| Family | Fringillidae |
| Genus | Serinus |
| Species | S. canaria |
4. Madeira Firecrest
Source: wikipedia.org
The Madeira firecrest is an incredibly small bird that is endemic to the island of Madeira. It is the only member of the kinglet family found on the island and is a distinct species that was only recognized in 2003.
Prior to that, it was thought to be a subspecies of the common firecrest, which is found in other parts of Europe. The Madeira firecrest is one of the smallest passerine birds in the world, measuring only a few centimeters in length.
It has a distinctive crest on its head, which is what gives it the name ‘Firecrest’. The Madeira firecrest is a vital part of the ecosystem of Madeira, as it helps to maintain the balance of the island’s species.
It is also a popular bird among birdwatchers, and its colorful plumage makes it a joy to observe.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Passeriformes |
| Family | Regulidae |
| Genus | Regulus |
| Species | R. madeirensis |
5. Plain Swift
The plain swift is a bird species that belongs to the swift family. It is a medium-sized bird that is often confused with barn swallows and house martins due to their similar appearances.
However, plain swifts are not related to these passerine species, which are birds of the order Passeriformes. Instead, the resemblances between the two groups are a result of convergent evolution.
This is a process in which two unrelated species independently evolve similar traits and characteristics in order to adapt to similar environments and lifestyles. This explains why the plain swift and barn swallow look so similar, even though they are not closely related.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Clade | Strisores |
| Order | Apodiformes |
| Family | Apodidae |
| Genus | Apus |
| Species | A. unicolor |
6. Cory’s Shearwater
Cory’s shearwater is a species of large seabird from the family Procellariidae. This species is found in the eastern Atlantic, where it breeds colonially on rocky islands. Outside the breeding season, Cory’s shearwater is known to disperse widely throughout the Atlantic.
Historically, Cory’s shearwater had been considered to be a subspecies of Scopoli’s shearwater, however, it is now recognized as a distinct species. This bird is mostly gray in color, with white underparts and a white crescent behind the eye.
It has long, narrow, pointed wings and a medium-length tail. Its bill is hooked at the tip, which distinguishes it from other shearwaters. Cory’s shearwater is a powerful flier, capable of soaring high above the ocean surface for long periods of time.
Its diet consists mainly of small fish, squid, and crustaceans, which it catches by plunging into the water from heights of up to 30 meters.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Procellariiformes |
| Family | Procellariidae |
| Genus | Calonectris |
| Species | C. borealis |
7. Berthelot’s Pipit
Source: ebird.org
Berthelot’s pipit is a small passerine bird, measuring 13-14 centimeters in length, that is native to the Madeira and Canary Islands.
It is a common bird on both of these archipelagos and can be seen in open country areas. When breeding, the pipit builds its nest on the ground, with 3-5 eggs being laid.
This type of bird has adapted to life on the islands and is able to find food in a variety of habitats. Berthelot’s pipit is a common species in its native range and is not considered endangered.
It is a migratory species, so it can be seen in other areas during certain times of the year.
The pipit is an important part of the local ecosystem and plays an important role in controlling pests. Despite its relative abundance, Berthelot’s pipit is still vulnerable to environmental threats such as habitat destruction and climate change.
The destruction of its habitats by human activities puts this species at risk of becoming endangered. As a result, conservation efforts are needed to ensure that Berthelot’s pipit is able to thrive in its natural environment.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Passeriformes |
| Family | Motacillidae |
| Genus | Anthus |
| Species | A. berthelotii |
8. Grey Wagtail
The grey wagtail is a small bird that belongs to the wagtail family, Motacillidae. It measures approximately 18-19 cm overall in length. The grey wagtail looks very similar to the yellow wagtail but differs in the area of coloration.
Instead of yellow being spread throughout its underside, the grey wagtail has yellow restricted only to its throat and vent. Male grey wagtails who are in the process of breeding have a black throat, which serves as a distinguishing feature when compared to the yellow wagtail.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Passeriformes |
| Family | Motacillidae |
| Genus | Motacilla |
| Species | M. cinerea |
9. Scopoli’s Shearwater
Source: 10000birds.com
Scopoli’s shearwater is a seabird from the petrel family Procellariidae. It inhabits mainly the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, although it has a more narrow habitat during its breeding season.
The bird is greyish-brown in color with darker wings and mostly white underneath. During the breeding season, it nests on rocky islands and tall coastal cliffs. However, during the non-breeding season, it can be found foraging in the Atlantic Ocean.
These birds are able to dive underwater for food and they have a long, narrow beak which helps them to hunt for small fish or squid. They often hunt in large flocks and can travel very long distances when migrating.
Scopoli’s shearwater is a fascinating species and plays an important role in the ocean’s food web.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Procellariiformes |
| Family | Procellariidae |
| Genus | Calonectris |
| Species | C. diomedea |
10. Manx Shearwater
The Manx shearwater is a species of seabird in the family Procellariidae. It is a medium-sized shearwater, with a wingspan of around 55 cm. This species is unique in that it was given its scientific name based on its past name.
In the 17th century, Manx shearwaters were known as Mank’s puffins. The word ‘puffin’ is an Anglo-Norman term used to describe the cured carcasses of nestling shearwaters. This means that the Manx shearwater’s scientific name is a reminder of its historical name.
The Manx shearwater is mainly found in the Atlantic Ocean and can be seen around the coasts of North America, Europe, and Africa. It is an important part of the marine food web, as it feeds on small fish, crustaceans, and squid.
The Manx shearwater is also a long-distance migrant and can travel up to 10,000 km each year in search of food. The Manx shearwater is an important species of seabird, both ecologically and historically.
Its scientific name serves as a reminder of its past, and its presence in the marine food web is vital to the health of the marine ecosystem.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Procellariiformes |
| Family | Procellariidae |
| Genus | Puffinus |
| Species | P. puffinus |
11. Red-billed Tropicbird
The red-billed tropicbird is a species of seabird found in tropical oceans. Its physical features closely resemble those of a tern, with mostly white plumage and some black markings on the wings and back.
It also has a distinctive black mask and a bright red bill, which gives it its common name. This species of seabird is just one of the three closely related tropicbird species, which are all found in tropical regions.
The red-billed tropicbird is relatively small in stature, with an average body length of around 40 centimeters. Its wingspan is typically around 60 centimeters, allowing it to glide and soar over the ocean with ease.
It has long, forked tail feathers and a long, hooked bill which it uses to catch prey.
Its diet mainly consists of fish, squid, and other small marine animals. The red-billed tropicbird is a migratory species, spending its summers in the northern hemisphere and its winters in the southern hemisphere.
It nests in colonies on the ground, with each pair of birds making a single nest. They are known to be very vocal and will often call each other while in flight. The red-billed tropicbird is a beautiful and majestic species and is an important part of the ocean’s ecosystem.
It is threatened by habitat destruction due to human activity and is listed as a vulnerable species by the IUCN. It is important that we continue to protect this species and its habitats so that future generations can continue to enjoy its beauty and grace.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Phaethontiformes |
| Family | Phaethontidae |
| Genus | Phaethon |
| Species | P. aethereus |
12. Wilson’s Storm Petrel
Wilson’s storm petrel is a small seabird native to the Southern Hemisphere. It is one of the many seabird species in the family Oceanitidae, commonly known as austral storm petrels.
It is also known as Wilson’s petrel, in honor of the Scottish naturalist Alexander Wilson who first described the species in 1814. The petrels are small birds, measuring around 20 cm in length and weighing around 60 to 70 grams.
They have a blackish-gray upper body with a white rump, and a white underside, giving them a checkered appearance.
They have a long, slender, and slightly hooked bill, as well as long wings and a short tail. Wilson’s storm petrels feed mainly on small fish, crustaceans, and other marine invertebrates. They forage in the open ocean, often in flocks of up to hundreds of birds.
They are also known to use the wind as they soar to locate food. They can sometimes be seen flying low over the sea surface in search of food. Wilson’s storm petrels breed on islands and cliffs off the coasts of South America, Australia, New Zealand, and the Antarctic Peninsula.
They nest in burrows dug into the soil, usually lined with vegetation. The female usually lays a single egg, which is incubated by both parents for around 40 days.
The chicks are tended to for up to 12 weeks before fledging. Wilson’s storm petrels are listed as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
The main threats to their population are habitat loss and degradation, as well as the introduction of invasive species, such as cats, to their breeding sites. Conservation efforts are underway to ensure their survival.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Procellariiformes |
| Family | Oceanitidae |
| Genus | Oceanites |
| Species | O. oceanicus |
13. Fea’s Petrel
Source: ebird.org
The Fea’s petrel is a small seabird from the family of gadfly petrels, scientifically known as Pterodroma. It was previously thought to be a subspecies of the soft-plumaged petrel, but recent studies have revealed that they are not closely related at all.
This is because the two species have different morphological and genetic characteristics. For instance, the Fea’s petrel is larger than the soft-plumaged petrel, and its plumage is darker and more heavily marked.
Moreover, its bill is shorter and its wings are more pointed than that of the soft-plumaged petrel. Additionally, genetic analysis has indicated that the two species do not share a common ancestor. This further confirms that the two species are not closely related.
Therefore, the Fea’s petrel is now considered to be its own species, distinct from the soft-plumaged petrel.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Procellariiformes |
| Family | Procellariidae |
| Genus | Pterodroma |
| Species | P. feae |
14. White-faced Storm Petrel
The white-faced storm petrel is a unique bird belonging to the family Oceanitidae. It is a small seabird that has a white face and wings, and a dark grey back and belly.
It is thought to breed on islands off the coasts of Australia, New Zealand, and South America, and can be found in the open ocean during migration. The white-faced storm petrel is the only bird in its genus, Pelagodroma.
It is a pelagic species, meaning it never comes to land except to breed.
It has a distinct feeding behavior, hovering over the water surface and picking up prey items including zooplankton, small fish, and squid.
The white-faced storm petrel is a threatened species, with its population declining due to activities such as long-line fishing, which can accidentally catch the birds and lead to their death.
Conservation efforts are in place to protect the species, such as avoiding bycatch and reducing plastic pollution.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Procellariiformes |
| Family | Oceanitidae |
| Genus | Pelagodroma |
| Species | P. marina |
15. Rock Sparrow
The rock sparrow, or rock Petronia, is a species of small bird belonging to the Passeridae family. It is the only member of its genus, Petronia.
This species is widely distributed and breeds in diverse habitats, such as barren rocky hills, from the Iberian peninsula and western North Africa, across southern Europe, Siberia, and central China.
This species is adaptable and can inhabit a wide range of environments, from mountain areas to lowlands. It is a hardy species and can survive in extreme conditions. Its diet consists mainly of insects, seeds, and other small invertebrates.
It is a social bird and can be seen in small groups, usually foraging in open areas. The rock sparrow is a great example of an adaptable species capable of living in a wide variety of habitats.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Passeriformes |
| Family | Passeridae |
| Genus | Petronia |
| Species | P. petronia |
16. Spanish Sparrow
The Spanish sparrow, also known as the willow sparrow, is a type of bird that belongs to the Passeridae family. It is part of the passerine group, which refers to birds that have strong feet with four toes, perfect for perching and grasping branches.
This sparrow is a common sight in the Mediterranean region, as well as in southwest and central Asia. It is a small bird, with a length of about 15 cm, and is usually gray in color with white markings on its wings and tail.
Its diet consists mainly of insects, seeds, and sometimes fruits. The Spanish sparrow is also known to make its nests close to human settlements, so they are often seen in gardens and parks. They are social birds, living in large flocks.
The Spanish sparrow is considered a common species and is not threatened with extinction.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Passeriformes |
| Family | Passeridae |
| Genus | Passer |
| Species | P. hispaniolensis |
17. Bulwer’s Petrel
Bulwer’s petrel is a species of seabird belonging to the Procellariidae family. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and is known for its small size.
The bird was named after the English naturalist James Bulwer, who was renowned for his work in the field of zoology. Bulwer’s petrel is a medium-sized bird with a wingspan of roughly 27 inches. It has a black head, back, and wings, with white underparts.
Its diet consists mostly of fish, squid, and crustaceans, which it catches by plunge-diving into the sea. The species is also known to scavenge for food around boats and ships. Breeding takes place in the spring, with the female laying a single egg in a ground scrape nest.
Bulwer’s petrel is listed as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature due to its wide range and population size.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Procellariiformes |
| Family | Procellariidae |
| Genus | Bulweria |
| Species | B. bulwerii |
18. Common Waxbill
The common waxbill is a small, attractive bird from the estrildid finch family that is native to sub-Saharan Africa. It stands out from the rest of its family due to its bright plumage and cheerful demeanor.
In recent years, the common waxbill has been introduced to many other parts of the world, leading to a rapid increase in its global range. It is now estimated to have a global extent of occurrence of 10,000,000 km².
This means that the birds can be found across much of the world, from the tropical forests of Africa to the deserts of the Middle East. The birds are not migratory, but they are capable of adapting to a variety of habitats.
They are also known to form large, mixed-species flocks that include other estrildid finches as well as other small birds. The birds feed mainly on small insects and seeds, but they will also eat the occasional fruit.
All in all, the common waxbill is a delightful bird that has been embraced by many bird lovers around the world.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Passeriformes |
| Family | Estrildidae |
| Genus | Estrilda |
| Species | E. astrild |
19. Spectacled Warbler
The spectacled warbler is a type of bird from the genus Curruca, which is a group of typical warblers. It is scientifically known as Curruca conspicillata, which is derived from the Latin word conspicillum, meaning a place to look from.
This is the source of the species’ English name, “spectacled”, as it is thought to be referring to the bird’s eye-catching appearance. The spectacled warbler is a small bird with a grey-brown back and whitish-grey underparts.
It has long wings, a short tail, and a relatively long bill. Its most distinctive feature is the bright yellow patch on either side of its head, near the eyes.
This yellow patch is thought to be the source of the bird’s name, as it gives the spectacled warbler a spectacled appearance. The spectacled warbler is a migratory bird, breeding in the temperate regions of Europe and western Asia, and wintering in Africa and the Mediterranean.
Its preferred habitats are woodlands and scrub, where it feeds on insects and spiders. It is a fairly common species, though its population is thought to be declining due to habitat destruction and other human activities.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Passeriformes |
| Family | Sylviidae |
| Genus | Curruca |
| Species | C. conspicillata |
20. Pallid Swift
The pallid swift is a species of swift, which is a type of migratory bird belonging to the family Apodidae. Swifts are known for their short legs which they use only for clinging to vertical surfaces, such as the sides of trees and buildings.
The genus name Apus is derived from the Latin word for “swift”, which refers to the ancient belief that these birds had no feet. The species name pallidus is also derived from Latin, and means “pale”.
Pallid swifts typically have a pale grey or white plumage, which helps them blend in with their surroundings. Unlike most birds, swifts do not settle on the ground voluntarily, preferring to remain in the air at all times.
They roost on the sides of trees and other vertical objects and rarely come to the ground unless forced to do so.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Clade | Strisores |
| Order | Apodiformes |
| Family | Apodidae |
| Genus | Apus |
| Species | A. pallidus |
21. Great Shearwater
The great shearwater is a species of seabird found in the Procellariidae family. It breeds in large colonies on rocky islands in the South Atlantic, and during non-breeding season it can be found roaming widely in the Atlantic.
This species is a large seabird and has a wingspan of around 1.2 meters. The great shearwater is known for its long-distance migrations which take it from the southern Atlantic into the northern Atlantic and even as far as the Arctic Circle.
During its migrations, it can be seen following ships and fishing vessels, as it is attracted to their wakes and can use them for an easier form of travel. Its diet consists mainly of squid and fish, which it catches while in flight.
It is a social species that often form large flocks and makes loud calls while in flight. The great shearwater is an important species in the Atlantic, both for its migratory behavior and its role in the marine ecosystem.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Procellariiformes |
| Family | Procellariidae |
| Genus | Ardenna |
| Species | A. gravis |
22. Pomarine Jaeger
The Pomarine Jaeger, also known as the Pomarine Skua or Pomatorhine Skua, is a species of seabird that belongs to the Stercorariidae family. It is a migratory bird, flying from breeding grounds in the northern hemisphere to wintering grounds in the tropical oceans.
During the winter months, it can be seen in tropical waters around the world, including the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Pomarine Jaeger is a medium-sized seabird and is easily recognizable by its large wingspan and pointed, hooked bill.
Its plumage is predominantly dark brown, with white and black markings, and its tail is long and deeply forked. It feeds mainly on small fish and invertebrates, and will often harass other seabirds to steal their food.
The Pomarine Jaeger is an important part of the oceanic food web and plays an important role in the health of the marine ecosystem.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Charadriiformes |
| Family | Stercorariidae |
| Genus | Stercorarius |
| Species | S. pomarinus |
23. Long-tailed Jaeger
The long-tailed skua, also known as the long-tailed jaeger, is a seabird belonging to the skua family of birds called Stercorariidae. This family of birds is found in the Northern Hemisphere and is known for its predatory behavior.
They are typically seen on the open ocean, where they hunt for fish and other small animals. They have a long, pointed tail, a large hooked bill, and a mottled gray-brown plumage.
The long-tailed skua can also be distinguished by its distinctive courtship display, which involves the male chasing the female in the air. They are strong fliers and can fly at speeds of up to 40 miles per hour. They are also capable of diving into the water to catch prey.
They are one of the few birds that are able to survive in the cold, open waters of the Arctic Ocean. The long-tailed skua is an important part of the marine ecosystem, as they help to keep the population of fish and other small animals in check.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Charadriiformes |
| Family | Stercorariidae |
| Genus | Stercorarius |
| Species | S. longicaudus |
24. Yellow-legged Gull
The yellow-legged gull is a large species of gull that is found across a wide range of regions, including Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. Until recently, it was not widely recognized as a distinct species.
Instead, it was classified as a subspecies of either the Caspian gull (Larus cachinnans) or more generally as a subspecies of the herring gull (Larus argentatus). This means that it was assumed to be a variation of one of these two species, rather than its own separate species.
With more research and observation, however, scientists have since determined that the yellow-legged gull is a species in its own right.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Charadriiformes |
| Family | Laridae |
| Genus | Larus |
| Species | L. michahellis |
25. Common Moorhen
The common moorhen, also known as the waterhen or swamp chicken, is a bird species that belongs to the rail family. It is found in many parts of the Old World, where it inhabits wetlands, such as marshes, ponds, and canals.
These areas usually have dense vegetation, which provides the common moorhen with plenty of food and shelter. The bird’s diet includes plants, insects, small fish, and other aquatic creatures. It is often seen foraging in shallow waters, where it can easily find its prey.
The common moorhen is also an excellent swimmer, able to dive and navigate through murky waters with ease. The common moorhen is a social species, often seen foraging in small groups.
During the breeding season, the bird builds a floating nest out of vegetation near the water’s edge. Both parents help incubate the eggs and raise the young.
The common moorhen is a common sight in many parts of the Old World, and it provides an important ecological role in its wetland habitats. It is an important part of the food web, providing food for predators and helping to keep the wetland’s ecosystem in balance.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Gruiformes |
| Family | Rallidae |
| Genus | Gallinula |
| Species | G. chloropus |
26. Semipalmated Sandpiper
The semipalmated sandpiper is a species of shorebird that is known for its small size. Its genus name, kalidris or skalidris, is derived from Ancient Greek and is a term used by Aristotle to refer to some grey-colored birds that lived near water.
The species’ specific name, pusilla, is Latin for “very small”. This aptly describes the small size of the semipalmated sandpiper, which makes it easily distinguishable from other shorebirds.
Its size also makes it difficult for the bird to compete for resources with larger species, so it relies on its adaptability in order to survive. It can be found in different habitats all over the world and has adapted to different climates and environments.
The semipalmated sandpiper is a unique species of shorebird, and its small size has enabled it to survive in a variety of habitats.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Charadriiformes |
| Family | Scolopacidae |
| Genus | Calidris |
| Species | C. pusilla |
27. Iceland Gull
The Iceland gull is a species of gull that lives in the Arctic regions of Canada and Greenland. It is medium in size and differs from other gulls in its genus by not living in Iceland. Instead, it is only seen during winter in Iceland.
The name of the genus, Latin Larus, likely refers to a large seabird, such as a gull. This species is found in the colder climates of the Arctic, where it breeds and feeds in the summer months.
During the winter, some individuals migrate south which can be seen in Iceland, although they are not native to the country. The Iceland gull is an important part of the Arctic ecosystem, helping to keep its food chain intact.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Charadriiformes |
| Family | Laridae |
| Genus | Larus |
| Species | L. glaucoides |
28. Ruddy Turnstone
The ruddy turnstone is a small migratory bird belonging to the scientific genus Arenaria and is part of the Scolopacidae family, which is better known as the sandpiper family.
It is related to the other species of turnstone in the Arenaria genus, as well as a variety of other wading birds. This species of bird is found across the world, although it is more prevalent in certain areas.
Historically, the ruddy turnstone was classified as part of the plover family Charadriidae, which is another collection of wading birds. However, it has since been reclassified into the sandpiper family.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Charadriiformes |
| Family | Scolopacidae |
| Genus | Arenaria |
| Species | A. interpres |
29 European Storm Petrel
The European storm petrel is a seabird that belongs to the Hydrobatidae family, which also includes the British storm petrel. It is a small bird, with a square tail, and is entirely black except for two white features.
These features include a broad white rump and a white band on the underwings. The bird has a very unique and distinctive flight pattern, which is said to resemble that of a bat. It is a fluttering, hovering type of flight that is unlike any other bird in the area.
The European storm petrel is a unique bird, and its white features and fluttering flight make it easy to spot amongst the other birds living in the area.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Procellariiformes |
| Family | Hydrobatidae |
| Genus | Hydrobates |
| Species | H. pelagicus |
30. Franklin’s Gull
Franklin’s gull is a species of small gull that is found in the Americas. The scientific name for this species is Leucophaeus pipixcan, which comes from two distinct language sources.
The first part of the name, Leucophaeus, is derived from Ancient Greek and translates to “white” and “dusky.” The second part of the name, pipixcan, is from the Nahuatl language and it refers to a type of gull.
This species of gull is known for its white head as well as its dark gray wings and back. It is also characterized by its red legs and feet. These birds are typically found in North and South America, and they are known to inhabit marshes, ponds, lakes, and other wetlands.
They have been observed migrating to the southern United States during the winter months. Franklin’s gulls are omnivorous, meaning they will feed on both plants and animals, such as insects, crustaceans, fish, and other small creatures.
These birds form large flocks when they migrate, and they are considered to be an important species in the region.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Charadriiformes |
| Family | Laridae |
| Genus | Leucophaeus |
| Species | L. pipixcan |
31. Sora
The sora is a small bird belonging to the Rallidae family, which is commonly referred to as the sora rail or sora crake. This bird is found in a large portion of North America. The genus name Porzana is derived from Venetian language terms that refer to small rails.
The specific name Carolina refers to the Carolina Colony, which was a British colony that was established in 1663 in what is now the Southeastern United States. The sora is a small bird, typically measuring around seven inches in length.
Its feathers are grayish-brown with white patches on the wings and tail. It has a yellow bill, short legs, and a white eye-ring. Its diet consists mainly of insects, crustaceans, and small mollusks.
The sora is a relatively common species and is found in wetland habitats such as marshes, swamps, wet meadows, and lake edges. During the summer months, they breed in areas with low vegetation and shallow water.
They are also migratory birds, and during the winter they move to areas further south. The sora is an important part of the North American ecosystem. It acts as an indicator of wetland health, as its presence can be an indication of a healthy wetland.
Furthermore, it is an important food source for many other animals, including birds of prey, raccoons, and foxes. The sora’s population is currently stable, however, it is important to continue to protect its habitat in order to ensure its long-term survival.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Gruiformes |
| Family | Rallidae |
| Genus | Porzana |
| Species | P. carolina |
32. White-rumped Sandpiper
The white-rumped sandpiper is a species of small shorebird that is native to Canada and Alaska. It breeds in the northern tundra of these countries, in regions with extremely cold temperatures and harsh conditions.
This bird is quite small and can easily be mistaken for other similar species of shorebirds, which are collectively known as “peeps” or “stints”.
Given the fact that these birds breed in remote areas with difficult weather conditions, they are not often seen by people who are out bird-watching.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Charadriiformes |
| Family | Scolopacidae |
| Genus | Calidris |
| Species | C. fuscicollis |
33. Curlew Sandpiper
The curlew sandpiper is a small wader bird that is native to the Arctic tundra of Siberia. During the winter months, the curlew sandpiper migrates long distances to warmer climates and can be found in Africa, south and southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand.
It is a rare occurrence for the bird to be seen in North America, thus making it a vagrant or a rare visitor. The bird is quite small in size, with its length measuring between 20 and 25 centimeters.
It has a mottled brown and white coloration, along with a black bill and pale yellowish legs. The curlew sandpiper is a fast flier and is able to cover large distances during its migratory flights.
The diet of the curlew sandpiper consists of small insects, mollusks, and crustaceans, which it finds in wetland areas. The bird breeds during the summer months in the Arctic tundra of Siberia, where it builds its nest on the ground.
The female lays one or two eggs, which are then incubated by both parents. The young chicks are able to fly within a few weeks of hatching.
The curlew sandpiper is an important species for birdwatchers, as it is a species that can be seen in different parts of the world during different times of the year.
It is also an important species for conservation efforts, as its migratory patterns demonstrate the importance of healthy migratory habitats for many species of birds.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Charadriiformes |
| Family | Scolopacidae |
| Genus | Calidris |
| Species | C. ferruginea |
34. Black-bellied Storm Petrel
The black-bellied storm petrel is a species of seabird that belongs to the family Oceanitidae.
It can be found in many different locations around the world, including Antarctica, Argentina, Australia, Bouvet Island, Brazil, Chile, Falkland Islands, French Polynesia, French Southern Territories, and many more.
The black-bellied storm petrel is a migratory species, meaning that it will travel long distances on seasonal migrations.
They have been seen in places as far away as the United Kingdom and the United States. The black-bellied storm petrel is a small bird, with adults reaching up to around 25 cm in length.
They have a distinctive black belly, as the name suggests, and the rest of their body is a gray-brown color.
They have long, pointed wings which help them glide through the air. The black-bellied storm petrel is an oceanic species, meaning that it spends most of its life over the open ocean. They feed mainly on small fish, squid, and crustaceans.
They have a unique feeding technique that involves hovering above the water and then diving down to capture their prey. The black-bellied storm petrel is a colonial species, meaning they will nest and raise young in large colonies.
These colonies can be found on remote islands and rocky outcrops around the world.
They are well adapted to life out at sea, with their feathers providing insulation against the cold and their webbed feet helping them swim. The black-bellied storm petrel is a species of conservation concern due to its declining numbers.
The main threats to the species are human activities such as fishing and pollution. Conservation efforts have been made to protect the species, including the designation of Marine Protected Areas and research into the impacts of fishing activities.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Procellariiformes |
| Family | Oceanitidae |
| Genus | Fregetta |
| Species | F. tropica |
35. Yellow-crowned Bishop
The yellow-crowned bishop is a type of bird belonging to the family Ploceidae, which is native to the African continent south of the Sahara Desert.
This species of bird is highly sexually dimorphic in its breeding season, meaning that the males and females display distinct physical characteristics.
During this period, the males of the species have bright yellow and black plumage, which stands in stark contrast to the predominantly brown coloration of the female birds.
This difference in coloration is a form of sexual selection, with the males displaying brightly-colored feathers in order to attract potential mates. The coloration of the female birds, on the other hand, helps them to stay hidden from predators in their natural environment.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Passeriformes |
| Family | Ploceidae |
| Genus | Euplectes |
| Species | E. afer |
36. Isabelline Wheatear
Source: wikipedia.org
The Isabelline Wheatear is a small bird that is part of the Passerine family. It was previously classified as a member of the thrush family, Turdidae, but is now more likely to be considered an Old World flycatcher in the Muscicapidae family.
This bird is migratory and mainly eats insects as part of its diet. It is known for its white and brown feathers, which give it its distinctive look. It is found in Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia, and is a common sight in these regions.
It is also known for its loud, chirpy call, which can be heard during its migratory season. It is a social bird, often seen in flocks, and it is an important part of the local ecology.
The Isabelline Wheatear is an important part of the environment and a reminder of the beauty of nature.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Passeriformes |
| Family | Muscicapidae |
| Genus | Oenanthe |
| Species | O. isabellina |
37. Desert Wheatear
The desert wheatear is a type of small passerine bird belonging to the wheatear family. It was originally classified as a member of the thrush family Turdidae but is now more commonly considered to be an Old World flycatcher.
This species is migratory, meaning it moves from one area to another depending on the season, and it primarily feeds on insects. It measures in length between 14.5 and 15 cm. This is a medium-sized bird, and its plumage varies between shades of brown and gray.
It is typically found in semi-arid habitats such as deserts, steppes, and savannahs. The desert wheatear is known for its vocalizations, which can include a variety of trills, rattles, and buzzes.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Passeriformes |
| Family | Muscicapidae |
| Genus | Oenanthe |
| Species | O. deserti |
Conclusion
Madeira is a paradise for birds. With its unique climate and geography, it is home to a wide variety of birds, from the iconic Madeiran Laurel Pigeon to the rare Zino’s Petrel.
The island’s abundance of food sources, nesting sites, and other resources make it an ideal habitat for birds, and its conservation efforts have helped to protect its avian species.
As more and more people visit Madeira, we should all strive to remember the importance of preserving the island’s natural environment and its birdlife, so that future generations can continue to enjoy the beauty of Madeira’s birds.